The part of the parent metal metallurgically affected by the weld or thermal cutting heat, but not melted. Weld MetalĪll metal melted during the making of a weld and retained in the weld. Metal added during welding, braze welding, brazing or surfacing. Metal to be joined or surfaced by welding, braze welding or brazing. In the US the preferred term is partial joint penetration weld (PJP). Weld in which the fusion penetration is intentionally less than full penetration. In US the preferred term is complete joint penetration weld (CJP, see AWS D1.1). Welded joint where the weld metal fully penetrates the joint with complete root fusion. Based on Penetration Full penetration weld Weld made by filling a hole in one component of a workpiece with filler metal so as to join it to the surface of an overlapping component exposed through the hole (the hole can be circular or oval). Joint between two overlapping components made by depositing a fillet weld around the periphery of a hole in one component so as to join it to the surface of the other component exposed through the hole. Types of Welding Joints Welds Based on Configuration Slot weld Lap JointĪ connection between two overlapping parts making an angle to one another of 0-5° inclusive in the region of the weld or welds. Cruciform JointĪ connection in which two flat plates or two bars are welded to another flat plate at right angles and on the same axis. Edge JointĪ connection between the edges of two parts making an angle to one another of 0 to 30° inclusive in the region of the joint. Corner JointĪ connection between the ends or edges of two parts making an angle to one another of more than 30 but less than 135° in the region of the joint. T JointĪ connection between the end or edge of one part and the face of the other part, the parts making an angle to one another of more than 5 up to and including 90° in the region of the joint. Common Joint Configurations Butt JointĪ connection between the ends or edges of two parts making an angle to one another of 135-180° inclusive in the region of the joint. This is a fast process which allows wood to be joined without adhesives or nails in a matter of seconds. The materials to be joined are subjected to a great deal of pressure before a linear friction movement creates heat to bond the workpieces together. Wood welding uses heat generated from friction to join the materials. Joining methods for plastics can be separated into external or internal heating methods, depending on the exact process used. Plastics welding also uses heat to join the materials (although not in the case of solvent welding) and is achieved in three stages.įirstly, the surfaces are prepared before heat and pressure is applied and, finally, the materials are allowed to cool to create fusion. It can also use a shielding gas to protect the melted and filler metals from becoming contaminated or oxidised. Pressure can also be used to produce a weld, either alongside the heat or by itself. Heat at a high temperature causes a weld pool of molten material which cools to form the join, which can be stronger than the parent metal. Typically with the addition of a filler material. Different types and what they are used forĪs opposed to brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal, welding is a high heat process which melts the base material.The completed welded joint may be referred to as a weldment. The form of these materials may see them referred to as parent plate or pipe, filler wire, consumable electrode (for arc welding), etc.Ĭonsumables are usually chosen to be similar in composition to the parent material, thus forming a homogenous weld, but there are occasions, such as when welding brittle cast irons, when a filler with a very different composition and, therefore, properties is used. The material added to help form the join is called filler or consumable. The parts that are joined are known as a parent material. A number are considered ' unweldable,' a term not usually found in dictionaries but useful and descriptive in engineering. Some materials require the use of specific processes and techniques. Welding is a fabrication process whereby two or more parts are fused together by means of heat, pressure or both forming a join as the parts cool. Welding is usually used on metals and thermoplastics but can also be used on wood. The completed welded joint may be referred to as a weldment. National Structural Integrity Research Centre.Structural Integrity Research Foundation.
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